Oxford Bibliographies Online is available by subscription and perpetual access to institutions. But what is clear is Shakespeare’s sense that the world he was living in resembled the one he was portraying: a diverse city full of arresting contradictions. “Treviso: Centre of Ashkenazic Judaism.”. Frankfurt: Lang, 1992. As the capital city of a republic whose borders stretched for several hundred kilometers along Swiss and Germanic lands and as a mercantile city with its ports open to traders from all over the world, Venice, with a population of well over Migration waves first led to the institution of the Ghetto Nuovo (1516), then to the expansions of the Ghetto Vecchio (1541) and the Ghetto Nuovissimo (1611). Although Henry broke with Rome he kept the Catholic religion essentially intact. Why not take a few moments to tell us what you think of our website? Contradicting accounts of Venice from the period describe a city that ghettoised its ethnic minorities, while other accounts, such as those of Coryate and Sansovino, and images such as Carpaccio’s, describe a quite integrated and racially diverse society. How to increase brand awareness through consistency; Dec. 11, 2020 The Venetian army led by Othello, an African Moor, consists also of a Florentine (Cassio) and perhaps a Spaniard as well: the name ‘Iago’ is Spanish, and would have invoked for Shakespeare’s audience the name Santiago Matamoros, Saint James, the Moor-slayer, patron saint of Spain. Venetians themselves recorded the confluence of ‘strangers’ in their city. The influx of immigrants into the city throughout the 16th century helped to reinforce an already well-established reputation for cosmopolitanism, which wasn’t limited to the city itself. The Merchant of Venice is a 16th-century play by William Shakespeare in which a merchant in Venice must default on a large loan provided by a Jewish moneylender. Live Chat. Othello’s relationships with himself and to those around him reflect Renaissance imaginings of the exotic – of the cultural ‘other’ – that were at once glamorous and dangerous. Despite military setbacks, the expansion of the Turks and the discovery of new worlds and alternative sea routes, Venice remains a powerful state throughout the 16th C. Then, at the turn of the century, the Republic will start loosing predominance. This shows that Jews in Venice during the 16th century are abused mentally and physically due to the fact that they collect interest for the money which they lend out. Usage terms Altarpiece with St. James in the central panel. It was the first and the largest trading power in the world, and they made most of their money from trading on the Mediterranean with its large trading fleet. For example, while Venice had a large Jewish population, they were required to wear clothing that signified their religion, and to live in a specific quarter which was locked at night (our modern word “ghetto” comes from the term used in Venice to signify the Jewish quarter). Toaff, Ariel. Venetian art, an introduction. Venice and the Marches. Edited by Girolamo Arnaldi and Gianfranco Folena, 537–576. Vicenza, Italy: Neri Pozza, 1980. How were the Jews regarded in 16th-century England? Women of 16th Century Venice The Counter-Reformation played a major role in defining the role and status of Italian women during the sixteenth century. The text in this article is available under the Creative Commons License. Finally, Henry lost patience with the Pope and rejected his authority and in 1534 the Act of Supremacy made Henry the head of the Church of England. Thomas Coryate conveys the multi-cultural atmosphere of early modern Venice in his quirky travel narrative, Coryate’s Crudities (1611). Masks were also worn during the festival of Ascension, which commemorated the marriage of Venice to the sea. Users without a subscription are not able to see the full content on Reprinted in 1975 (New York: Schocken). Aldershot, UK: Ashgate Variorum, 2003. The lagoon city had close trade ties with many European and far eastern countries, so many foods and spices came into Venice that were not seen in other parts of the country. During the decade after 1602, the volume of trade moving through Venice fell forty percent Vol. The play opens with language that creates an extraordinarily ethnocentric atmosphere, but is this racial malevolence Venetian or English? This shouldn’t surprise us, for Venice in the late 16th and early 17th centuries – the period in which Othello is set and when Shakespeare wrote his play – was still home to people of a wide variety of cultural and ethnic backgrounds. Of all Shakespeare’s plays, it is Othello which reflects most vividly the multi-ethnic character of the Mediterranean basin in the 16th century. Aldo Manuzio (Aldus Manutius): inventor of the modern book. Edited by Gino Benzoni and Gaetano Cozzi, 273–300. Juden in Venedig, 1516–1797: Zwischen Isolation und Integration. Ca' d'Oro. 3.1, Dal primo Quattrocento al concilio di Trento. Food in 16th Century Venice Sabine d'Ricoldi da Forli Venice was an Italian city unlike any other when it came to cuisine. Other European nations were growing more commercially confident, and maritime trade (as well as international piracy) in the Mediterranean basin flourished. This shouldn’t surprise us, for Venice in the late 16th and early 17th centuries – the period in which Othello is set and when Shakespeare wrote his play – was still home to people of a wide variety of cultural and ethnic backgrounds. Henry was keen to get rid of Catherine and marry Anne. In the 16th century, Venice was a stage where those with means flaunted their material wealth in the form of textiles, jewels and accessories, ornamented boats, and other symbols. “At the start of this period, the region is fragmented into city-states dominated by Venice and Milan, two great rivals whose territorial holdings extend over much of northern Italy (with frequently changing boundaries). August 6, 2018 2 Comments. So this multi-ethnic society and the blurring of social boundaries that accompanied it did not come without a sense of anxiety, whether in the Venice or the England of that time. Steinbach, Marion. Prezi’s Big Ideas 2021: Expert advice for the new year; Dec. 15, 2020. Still assumes that there was a Jewish presence already in the 12th century, an opinion that was deconstructed by Ashtor 1983, Jacoby 1979 (cited under Maritime Empire) and Ravid 1987 (cited under Status and Economic Activity). This PhD thesis (University of Hannover) of a student in Romance studies looks at the intellectual and artistic culture of the Venetian Jews and their cultural exchange with the Christian environment in the time of the ghetto. Officially, Venice was founded in March 421, more precisely on March 25th, the day of the Annunciation of the birth of Christ. The founding of the Venetian republic is also said to have been marked at that same event with the founding of the church of St. James. The history of the Jews in the maritime empire of Venice is different from the lagoon city: the communities here are often older, larger, with more rights and a different ethnic and social composition. In The Commonwealth and Government of Venice (1599), Gasparo Contarini notes the ‘wonderful’ interchange of ‘forraine people’ in the city. History of the Jews in Venice. Turin, Italy: Einaudi, 1996. The Lombard hordes, whose incursions into northern Italy began in ad 568, drove great numbers of mainlanders onto the islands of the lagoon, previously the homes of itinerant fishermen and salt workers. “Gli ebrei a Venezia, Padova e Verona.” In Storia della cultura veneta. This is the currently selected item. Calabi, Donatella. The Venetian civic, military and economic tolerance of foreigners is combined with a patrician aversion to people from outside the city contaminating their pure lineage (dramatised in Brabantio’s emotional response to Desdemona’s marriage). After the Italian turrmoil of the early 16th century, Venice entered a long and gradual period of decline. Revert to Islam. For more information or to contact an Oxford Sales Representative click here. Edited by Eliyahu Ashtor, 685–702. Hand-coloured view of Venice in Braun and Hogenberg’s opulent atlas of the world’s cities, 1600–23. Farah Karim-Cooper is Head of Higher Education & Research at Shakespeare’s Globe and co-convenes the MA in Shakespeare Studies in collaboration with King's College London. Portia – a rich heiress 6. By the year 2012, there were 25,806 parishes in Italy tended by 36,566 diocesan and 18,930 religions priests. Due Public Domain in most countries other than the UK. Except for the short period of fifteen years (1383–1397) after the War of Chioggia, when moneylenders were necessary, Jews … Ravid, Benjamin. You could not be signed in, please check and try again. Women were widely viewed as emblems of Catholic morality, serving primarily as matriarchs of the domestic household. Dec. 30, 2020. A good overview of the history of important Jewish communities in the Veneto around 1500. Over the course of the 16th century in Italy, concern with the religious and spiritual aspects of life became increasingly prominent. Vol. Women in 16th-century Venice. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1971. This part of the “Storia d’Italia” of Einaudi (Annali 11) tries to correct the often idealized image of the Italian “asylum” at the end of the Middle Ages in three chapters: 1. This book, printed in Venice in 1600, displays the vibrant Jewish culture in the city at that time. Philadelphia: Jewish Publication Society of America, 1930. Chapel of the Alcazar of Segovia. The figures in the painting are gathered at the Rialto, which was the economic centre of the city and where a great variety of different ethnic communities lived and conducted business. We know from contemporary accounts that Venetians, Cypriots, Greeks, Jews and Turks lived on the island, which had been culturally diverse since the medieval period. The answer is both. 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Arts and humanities Europe 1300 - 1800 Italy, 15th century Venice and the Marches. Palazzo Ducale. Please consider the environment before printing, All text is © British Library and is available under Creative Commons Attribution Licence except where otherwise stated. First published in Rassegna mensile di Israel 44 (1978): 683–703. See more ideas about 16th century, renaissance, renaissance art. Roth, Cecil. London: Variorum Reprints, 1983. Saving Venice. Choose Yes please to open the survey in a new browser window or tab, and then complete it when you are ready. This article first appeared in Around the Globe, the membership magazine for Shakespeare's Globe. Christians believed that the Jewish race was inferior to them and that Jews should not be … Jewish men in costume for the festival of Purim. “First Flows of Jewish Migrants”; 2. In the 16th century, Jews were discriminated against especially in England and Venice. In Shakespeare’s England the abhorrence of ‘otherness’ was profound, and this anxiety ripples upon the surface of Othello. Venetian Society in the 16th Century During the 16th century Venetian society was one very much of who u knew and what name u carried. 15th-century Spanish painting of Santiago the Moor-slayer, mounted triumphantly on a white horse and trampling the heads of Moors beneath him. The costume of a Venetian merchant, 1598: Cesare Vecellio’s costume guide showcases diverse fashions from Venice and across the world. 7, La Venezia barocca. In 1529 Henry called the 'Reformation Parliament'. Other religious members included 4,100 brothers and 115,775 sisters. Kept the Catholic religion essentially intact not be signed in, please check and again. Why not take a few moments to tell us what you think of our website with representatives of diverse.. ( 1611 ) are not able to see the full content on this page in 1527 began. 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